American Leopard Hound: Dog Breed Characteristics and Care

The American leopard hound (also known as the leopard cur) is a spotted treeing dog known for being incredibly energetic and protective—often quick to bark and guard their loved ones. With proper care, this breed is an affectionate companion, especially for active families.

Learn about the American leopard hound, including their care needs, temperament, and more.

Breed Overview

Group: Scenthound (United Kennel Club)

Height: 22 to 27 inches (males); 21 to 25 inches (females)

Weight: 45 to 75 pounds (males); 35 to 65 pounds (females)

Coat: Short, dense

Coat Color: Solid colored or leopard/spotted with red, blue, merle, brindle, and/or black with white markings

Life Span: 12 to 15 years

Temperament: Affectionate, friendly, protective

Hypoallergenic: No

Origin: United States

Characteristics of the American Leopard Hound

Sometimes confused with the Catahoula leopard dog, the American leopard hound is perfect for dog owners looking for a slightly smaller breed that is better suited for family life—affectionate with kids and other dogs.

The American leopard hound is very protective and requires a lot of mental stimulation, and, like all hounds, is very vocal.

History of the American Leopard Hound

The American leopard hound is one of the oldest tree hounds in the country, but the breed's origins are unknown. Differing opinions about the breed's beginnings include Spanish, French, English, Irish, and Scottish hound and herding dogs.

Originally known as leopard curs, American leopard hounds grew in popularity throughout the 18th century, but by the middle part of the 20th century, the breed wasn't as popular.

Because of the lack of purebred examples of the breed, in the 1960s, the American Leopard Cur Breeders Association (ALCBA) was created in an attempt to save the breed.1 The leopard cur was recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC) in 1998, and in 2008, its name was officially changed to American leopard hound.2

American Leopard Hound Care

The American leopard hound is high-energy dog is very trainable and has a strong urge to please their family. Proper care includes attending to both physical and mental needs to keep this breed in tip-top shape.

Exercise

Because this dog was bred to hunt, they are built to run, chase, and bark, and need outlets for those innate behaviors. If you don't plan to hunt with this breed, you'll need to find other ways to fulfill those instincts.

Good examples of activities for American leopard hounds include agility, scent work, and various canine sports. This is a breed for active families only, as these dogs will cause mischief if they are bored and unfulfilled in the home.

Grooming

While they don't have long hair, American leopard hounds do have a double coat that is pretty low-maintenance. Aside from regular, weekly brushing to help remove dead hair and small mats, an occasional bath is needed to keep them clean.

In addition, this dog requires other basic grooming steps. Ear cleanings, teeth brushing, and nail trims should be done regularly.

Training

American leopard hounds are a driven breed. They need to have a job and be mentally stimulated daily.

Training should be a daily and ongoing activity. If regular hunts aren't a part of this dog's life, agility training, obedience trials, and other sports will be appreciated and enjoyed.

It’s best to start training and socializing your American leopard hound from as early on as possible, during puppyhood. That way, they can become accustomed to following commands, and will be comfortable around various people and animals.

Common Health Problems

No dog breed is without any potential health problems, but the American leopard dog is an overall healthy breed. Breeders should be careful to avoid breeding two merle-colored dogs, though, as this will increase the likelihood of a puppy having sight and/or hearing issues. Watch out for the following conditions:

• Periodontal disease: All dogs can develop periodontal disease (gum disease) and problems with their teeth. This can lead to symptoms like inflamed, red gums and difficulty chewing. Brushing their teeth at home can help prevent problems, and your vet can examine your dog’s mouth at checkups.

• Ear infections: When bacteria or fungi infect a dog’s ear canal, they cause discomfort and need to be treated. Symptoms include odor from the ears, discharge, shaking of the head, head tilt, and inflammation, among others.

• Parasites: Various parasites can infect dogs, including internal and external parasites like giardia, fleas, and worms. They produce various symptoms, from itching to digestive upset, and treatments are required to remove them.

• Blindness: Vision loss can be caused by various conditions, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and progressive retinal atrophy. Keep an eye on your dog to see if you notice signs that they can’t see well, and have them evaluated by a vet.

• Deafness: Dogs can be born deaf or suffer hearing loss from various causes, such as infections and illnesses. If your dog stops responding to sounds like they used to, have them examined by a vet.

Diet and Nutrition

American leopard hounds should eat a complete and balanced diet with food approved by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Be sure not to overfeed your dog because that can lead to obesity and other health problems.

If you are unsure about what or how much to feed your dog, consult your veterinarian. Generally, though, dogs can be fed multiple small meals throughout the day, along with some treats in moderation. Also, always have clean water available for your dog.

Where to Adopt or Buy an American Leopard Hounds

The American leopard hound is not a common breed, but there are some breeders that specialize in this hunting stock. And if you check shelters and rescues, you might even find one in need of a forever home.

You can search for a breeder at dog shows, obedience and agility trials, and gun dog events. Be sure to go with a reputable and responsible breeder.

Expect to pay around $1,000 for a well-bred American leopard hound, and don't confuse them with Catahoula leopard dogs.

Start your search for the American leopard hound by checking the following resources:

• American Kennel Club Marketplace

• Puppies.com

American Leopard Hound Overview

The American leopard hound is a popular choice among hunters, but this dog can also make a great family companion. They need to be kept active and require proper training, but they are easy when it comes to grooming.

Pros of American Leopard Hounds

• Great with young children

• Good with other dogs

• Adaptable to hot or cold environments

Cons of American Leopard Hounds

• Very vocal

• Requires a lot of mental stimulation

• Needs a lot of exercise

More Dog Breeds and Further Research

If you’re interested in similar breeds, check out:

• Treeing Walker Coonhound

• Plott Hound

• Mountain Cur